Nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) dalam formulasi sabun antibakteri: Tantangan formulasi dan arah riset masa depan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v9i1p36-47Keywords:
stabilitas nanopartikel, dispersi koloid, interaksi permukaanAbstract
Sabun merupakan salah satu produk pembersih yang berperan penting dalam pengendalian mikroorganisme. Penggunaan nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) sebagai agen antibakteri dalam formulasi sabun telah banyak dilaporkan, namun sebagian besar kajian masih berfokus pada sifat intrinsik AgNPs tanpa mempertimbangkan peran sistem sabun sebagai matriks aktif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara kritis penggunaan AgNPs dalam formulasi sabun antibakteri dengan menekankan aspek formulasi dan relevansi aplikatif. Penulisan review ini menggunakan metode narrative review dengan pendekatan kritis, berdasarkan penelusuran literatur pada basis data Google Scholar, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect terhadap artikel yang dipublikasikan pada rentang tahun 2010–2024. Artikel yang direview diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang mencakup relevansi terhadap sistem sabun, formulasi berbasis surfaktan, dan evaluasi aktivitas antibakteri, dengan total sekitar 30–40 artikel utama dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa kinerja antibakteri AgNPs dalam sabun sangat dipengaruhi oleh interaksinya dengan surfaktan, kondisi pH basa, homogenitas dispersi, serta stabilitas selama penyimpanan dan penggunaan. Review ini mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian utama terkait kurangnya pendekatan formulasi yang rasional, metode uji antibakteri yang aplikatif, serta minimnya kajian keamanan dan dampak lingkungan. Dengan demikian, artikel ini menawarkan kerangka konseptual dan arah riset masa depan untuk pengembangan sabun antibakteri berbasis AgNPs yang lebih efektif, stabil, dan berkelanjutan
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