Pemanfaatan keanekaragaman serangga tanah pada lahan sawit sebagai sumber belajar konservasi: Systematic literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v9i2p27-38Keywords:
Bioindikator tanah, Biodiversitas, Konservasi, Pembelajaran kontekstual, Systematic literature reviewAbstract
Perkebunan kelapa sawit merupakan sektor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap perekonomian nasional, namun perluasan perkebunan kelapa sawit juga memicu penurunan keanekaragaman hayati akibat konversi hutan menjadi sistem monokultur. Studi ini bertujuan untuk secara sistematis menilai keanekaragaman serangga tanah di perkebunan kelapa sawit dan menganalisis potensinya sebagai sumber belajar konservasi dalam pengajaran biologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA terhadap artikel ilmiah yang terindeks Scopus dari tahun 2016–2026. Berdasarkan proses identifikasi, seleksi, kelayakan, dan inklusi, diperoleh 18 artikel yang dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kualitatif. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa konversi hutan menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit monokultur menyebabkan penurunan keanekaragaman serangga tanah, penyederhanaan struktur komunitas, dan gangguan fungsi trofik akibat berkurangnya kompleksitas vegetasi dan kualitas mikrohabitat. Kelompok fauna tanah seperti Collembola, Acari, dan Formicidae memiliki sensitivitas tinggi terhadap perubahan faktor edafik dan mikroklimat, sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai bioindikator kesehatan tanah. Selain itu, pengelolaan vegetasi lapisan bawah dan penerapan bahan organik telah terbukti mendukung keberlanjutan komunitas fauna tanah di ekosistem kelapa sawit. Temuan studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa data ekologis tentang keanekaragaman serangga tanah sangat relevan sebagai sumber belajar kontekstual melalui pengembangan bahan ajar, lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD), studi kasus, dan aktivitas pembelajaran berbasis lingkungan yang memanfaatkan data hasil penelitian sebagai objek analisis. Pemanfaatan tersebut diharapkan dapat mendukung pencapaian kompetensi peserta didik dalam menganalisis keanekaragaman hayati, interaksi antarkomponen ekosistem, fungsi bioindikator, serta menumbuhkan literasi dan sikap konservasi berbasis bukti ilmiah.
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