Selected Plant Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Bacteria Isolated from Raw Vegetables
Keywords:
Agar well diffusion method; Bacterial isolates; Plant extract; Raw vegetables; Zone of inhibition
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a gradual revival of interest in the use of plant extract due to the wide spread belief that green plant sources are healthier and safer than the synthetic ones. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Gumamela) flower, Psidium guajava (Guava) leaf, Moringa oleifera (Malunggay) leaf, and Allium sativum (Garlic) clove on the microbial isolates from Brassica oleraceae (Cabbage), Brassica rapa (Pechay), and Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) using agar well diffusion method. Experimental research design was employed in the study. The 75%, 50%, and 25% concentrations of the extract were used as the treatments, while sodium hypochlorite and sterile distilled water were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. Based on the results, the plant extract showed significant difference (p<0.05 and p<0.0) in inhibiting the growth of bacterial isolates. The 75% concentration of H. rosa-sinensis flower extract, and the 75%, 50%, and 25% concentrations of P. guajava leaf extract were found to inhibit the growth of bacterial isolates on raw vegetables, and their antimicrobial activities differed significantly (p< 0.05). On the other hand, M. oleifera leaf and A. sativum clove extract were found not effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria on raw vegetables.
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References
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Thilza, I. B., Sanni, S., Isah, Z. A., Sanni, F. S., Talle, M., & Joseph, M. B. (2010). In vitro Antimicrobial activity of water extract of Moringa oleifera leaf stalk on bacteria normally implicated in eye diseases. Acad. arena, 2(6), 80-82.
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Trease, G. E. (1989). Pharmacognosy (11th Edition). London: Macmillan Publishing Inc.
Tsuchiya, H., Sato, M., Miyazaki, T., et.al. (1996). Comparative study on the antibacterial activity of phytochemical flavonones against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.50, 27-34.
Vieira, R. H. S. F., Rodrigues D. P., Goncalves, F. A., et. al. (2001). Microbial effect of medicinal plant extract (Psidium guajava and Carica papaya Lin.) upon bacterial isolated from fish muscle and known to induce diarrhea in children. Review of institute of Medicinal Trop. S. Paulo.43:145-148.
Adetumbi, M., Javor, G. T., & Lau, B. H. S. (1986), Allium sativum (Garlic) inhibits lipid synthesis by Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.30:499–501.
Akiyama, H., Fujii, K., Oono, T., & Iwatsuri, K. (2001). Antibacterial action of several tannins against Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy. 48, 487-491.
Alice, N. P. (1997). Manure and Microbes: Public and Animal Health Problem. Journal of Daily Science. 80(10): 2673-2681.
Beuchat, L. R. (1996). Pathogenic microorganisms associated with fresh produce. Journal of Food Protectiont. 59, 204-216
Beuchat, L. R. (2002). Ecological factors influencing survival growth of human pathogens on raw fruits and vegetables. Microbiological Infection. 4(4): 413-423.
Caceres, A., Saravia, A., Rizzo, S., Zabala, L., Leon, E. D. & Nave, F. (1992). Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera 2: Screening for antispasmodic, antiinflammatoy and diuretic activity. J. Ethnopharmacol 36:233 – 237.
Chanda, S., & Kaneria, M. (2011).”Indian nutraceutical plant leaves as a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents”, science against Microbial Pathogens: Communicating Current Research and Technological Advances. Formatex Research Center. 2,1251-1259.
Cray, W. C. J, & Moon, W. H. (1995). Experimental infection of calves and adult cattle with Escherichia coli 0157: H7. Appl. Environmental. Microbial.61:1586-1590.
Dhankar, S., Ruhil, S., Balhara, M., & Chillar, A. K. (2011). Plant Research. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.5, 1497-1507.
Dutta, B. K., Rahman, I., & Das, T.K. (2000). In vitro study on antifungal property of common fruit plants. Biomedicine. 20(3):187-189.
Emongor, V. E. (2011). MORINGA (MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM.): A REVIEW. Retrieved from, http://www.actahort.org/books/911/911_58.htm
Fatica, M. K., & Schneider, K. R. (2011). Salmonella and produce: Survival in the plant environment implications in food safety. Virulence. 2, 573-579.
Flores, G. E, Bates, S. T., Caporaso, J. G., Lauber, C. L., Leff, J. W., et al. (2012). Diversity, distribution and sources of bacteria in residential kitchens. Environmental Microbial In press. 78, 79-97
Gnan, S. O., & Demello, M. T .(1999). Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by aqueous Gioaba extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacoogy. 68(1-3):103- 108.
Gonora, L. (2008). Herbal Constituents: Foundations of Phytochemistry. Louisville: HerbalChem Press.
Gram, L., Ravn, L., Rasch, M., Bruhn, J.B., Christensen, A.B., et al. (2002). Food spoilage-interactions between food spoiled bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 78, 79-97.
Guevara , B.Q. (Ed). (2005). A guidebook to plant screening: Phytochemical & Biological. Philippines: UST Publishing House.
Hanski, I., von Hertzen, L., Fyhrquist, N., Koskinen, K., Torppa, K., et al. (2012). Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota and allergy are interrelated. Retrieved from http://www.plosome.org/article/info.htm
Hoffman, F. L., Cruz, C. H. G., Vinturin, T. M., & Fazio P, M. L. S. (1999). Rinsing of the hygienic sanitary quality of fish sold in Sao Jose do Rio Preto City. Hig. Ailment. 13(64) 45-8
Huebner, R. R. E., Wasa, A., Mushi, A., et. al. (1998). Nasophangeal carriage and antimicrobial resistence in isolates of Streptococcus pnuemoniae and Heamophilus influenzae Type B in children under 5 years of age in Bastwana. International Journal of Infections. Dis. 3:18-25.
Jimenez, M. Q. (2011). A comparative study on the effectiveness of pulverized citrus seed, sodis and malunggay seed against coliform arganisms as mehod of water disinfectant and its acceptability among the selected households in Barangay Conception, Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay. Retrieved from http://www.comparativestudyonsodis.com.pdf.
Kawo, A. H. (2007). Water purification potentials andin-vivo toxicity evaluation of the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of Calotropis procera(Ait.F) Ait.F. latex and Moringa oleifera Lam seed powder. PhD thesis, Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, BayeroUniversity, Kano. Pp. 184.
Kumar, A., & Singh, A. (2012). Review on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Retrieved from http://www.ijrpbsonline.com/files /13-3213.pdf
Lin, J., Puckree, T., & Mvelase, T. P. (2002). Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 79(1):53-56.
Min, B.R., Pinchak, W.E., Merkel, R., Walker, S., Tomita, G., & Anderson, R. C. (2008). Comparative antimicrobial activity of tannin extracts from perennial plants on mastitis pathogens. Scientific Research and Essays.3, 66-73
Mittal, P., Gupta. V., Garg, A. K., & Singh, A. (2011). International Journal of Pharmaceutical. Science Research. 1 (9), 9-19.
Nascimento, G. G. F., Locatelli, J., Freitas, P.C., & Silva, G.L., (2000). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytocehmicals on antibiotic – resistant bacteria. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.31, 247-256.
Partnership for Food safety Education (2010). Retrieved from http://www.fightbac.org/about-foodborne-illness/causes-a-symptom.
Prasai, T. M., Lekhak, B., & Baral, M. P. (2004). Proceedings of IV National Conference on Science and Technology. 2, 410-415.
Rahman, F., & Noor, R. (December, 2012). Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria in common salad vegetables of Dhaka Metropolis. Bangladish Journal of Botany. 41(2): 159-162
Sanchez, N.R., Cortez, D. A. G.,Schiavini, M. S., Nakamura, C. V. & Filho, B. P. D. (2005). An Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 48,429-436
Scalbert, A.C. (1991). Antimicrobial properties in tannis. Phytochemistry. 30, 3875-3883
Schwab, A. H., Duran, A. P., Barnard, J. B., & Read, R. B. (2008). Microbial quality of some species and herbs in Retail markets. Journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 24, 627-630.
Tharmila, S., Jeyaseelan, E. C., & Thavaranjit, A. C. (2012). Inhibitory effect of some traditional hair washing substances on hair borne bacteria. Retrieved from http://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html.
Thilza, I. B., Sanni, S., Isah, Z. A., Sanni, F. S., Talle, M., & Joseph, M. B. (2010). In vitro Antimicrobial activity of water extract of Moringa oleifera leaf stalk on bacteria normally implicated in eye diseases. Acad. arena, 2(6), 80-82.
Todar, K. (2008). Todar’s online textbook of bacteriology. Retrieved from www. textbookofbacteriology.net
Trease, G. E. (1989). Pharmacognosy (11th Edition). London: Macmillan Publishing Inc.
Tsuchiya, H., Sato, M., Miyazaki, T., et.al. (1996). Comparative study on the antibacterial activity of phytochemical flavonones against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.50, 27-34.
Vieira, R. H. S. F., Rodrigues D. P., Goncalves, F. A., et. al. (2001). Microbial effect of medicinal plant extract (Psidium guajava and Carica papaya Lin.) upon bacterial isolated from fish muscle and known to induce diarrhea in children. Review of institute of Medicinal Trop. S. Paulo.43:145-148.
Published
2021-11-10
How to Cite
Cano, J. (2021). Selected Plant Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Bacteria Isolated from Raw Vegetables. Journal of Science and Science Education, 5(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.24246/josse.v5i2p1-9
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Articles
