Determinants of financial well-being in young adults' quarter-life crisis

Authors

  • Badriatul Mawadah Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8274-7328
  • Sumiati Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v28i2.12647

Keywords:

Financial wellness, financial literacy, financial stress, financial inclusion, quarter-life crisis

Abstract

This research examines the determinants of financial well-being, namely financial literacy, financial stress, financial inclusion, and financial wellness among young adults aged 25-35 in Blitar, East Java, who are experiencing a quarter-life crisis. Unlike previous studies that tended to examine these factors separately, the novelty of this research lies in introducing a new concept, namely how financial wellness influences financial well-being through its mediating role on financial literacy, financial stress, and financial inclusion. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the SEM-PLS approach with a sample of productive-age individuals in Blitar. The results reveal that financial literacy, financial inclusion, and financial wellness have significant positive effects on financial well-being, while financial stress has a significant negative effect. These findings indicate that the financial well-being of young adults facing a quarter-life crisis is influenced not only by financial knowledge and access but also by the ability to manage financial stress and maintain financial wellness. Practical implications include the need for integrated programs combining financial literacy, financial stress management, and financial wellness strategies to support young adults in achieving financial stability during this critical life stage.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arnett, J. J. (1994). Are college students adults? Their conceptions of the transition to adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 1(4), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02277582

Banerjee, R., Maruta, A. A., & Donato, R. (2023). Does higher financial inclusion lead to better health outcomes? Evidence from developing and transitional economies. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 31(2), 363–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12341

Barrafrem, K., Daniel, V., & Gustav, T. (2020). Financial well-being, COVID-19, and the financial better-than-average-effect. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 28, 100410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100410

Boyd, C., & Aldana, U. (2015). The impact of financial education on conditional cash transfer beneficiaries in Peru. Policy in Focus, 12(2), 26–27.

Brüggen, E. C., Hogreve, J., Holmlund, M., Kabadayi, S., & Löfgren, M. (2017). Financial well-being: A conceptualization and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 79(C), 228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.013

Cahyadi, A., Mufidah, W., Susilowati, T., Susanti, H., & Dwi Anggraini, W. (2022). Menjaga kesehatan fisik dan mental lanjut usia melalui program posyandu lansia. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Darul Ulum, 1(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.32492/dimas.v1i1.568

CFPB. (2015). Measuring financial well-being: A guide to using the CFPB Financial well-being Scale. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

Chavali, K., Raj, P. M., & Ahmed, R. (2021). Does financial behavior influence financial well-being? Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0273

Chipunza, K. J., & Fanta, A. B. (2023). Quality financial inclusion and financial vulnerability. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(2), 784–800. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12871

Collins, J. M., & Urban, C. (2021). Measuring financial well-being over the lifecourse. Financial Literacy and Responsible Finance in the FinTech Era, 45–63. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003169192-4

Davis, C. G., & Mantler, J. (2004). The consequences of financial stress for individuals, families, and society. In International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research (Vol. 1).

Delafrooz, N., & Paim, L. H. (2011). Determinants of financial wellness among Malaysia workers. African Journal of Business Management, 5(2), 10092–10100. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM10.1267

Delafrooz, N., & Paim, L. H. (2013). Role of financial stress on relationship between financial problem and financial wellness among Malaysia workers. African Journal of Business Management, 7(20), 1966–1972. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM12.082

Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., Ansar, S., & Hess, J. (2018). The global findex database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1259-0

Dhawan, S. M., Wilson, K., & Zademach, H. M. (2024). From financial inclusion to financial health of refugees: urging for a shift in perspective. Third World Quarterly, 45(5), 926–945. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2264780

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542

Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective well-being: A general overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402

Diener, E., Thapa, S., & Tay, L. (2020). Positive emotions at work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 451–477. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044908

Falahati, L., & Sabri, M. F. (2015). An exploratory study of personal financial wellbeing determinants: Examining the moderating effect of gender. Asian Social Science, 11(4), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n4p33

Fan, L., & Henager, R. (2022). A structural determinants framework for financial well-being. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 43(2), 415–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-021-09798-w

Fazli, M., & Falahati, L. (2013). Predictors of financial well-being among Malaysian employees: Examining the mediate effect of financial stress. Journal of Emerging Economies & Islamic Research, 1(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v1i3.9130

Gerrans, P., Speelman, C., & Campitelli, G. (2014). The relationship between personal financial wellness and financial wellbeing: A structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 35(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-013-9358-z

Gilenko, E., & Chernova, A. (2021). Saving behavior and financial literacy of Russian high school students: An application of a copula-based bivariate probit-regression approach. Children and Youth Services Review, 127, 106122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106122

Gumbo, L., Dube, P., & Ridwan, M. (2021). Empowering women through financial inclusion in Zimbabwe Is the gender gap not encroaching this noble cause? Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi Dan Perubahan Sosial, 8(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v8i1.141

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Matthews, L. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2016). Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS: Part I – method. European Business Review, 28(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-09-2015-0094

Hair, J. F., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2019). Essentials of business research methods. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203374

Harpa Sugiharti, & Kholida Atiyatul Maula. (2019). Pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap perilaku pengelolaan keuangan Mahasiswa. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 4(2), 804–818. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35706/acc.v4i2.2208

Hassan, S. H., Ramayah, T., & Qureshi, M. I. (2023). Elucidating well-being measurement from the wellness perspective of religious Travelers. World, 4(1), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.3390/world4010012

Henager, R., & Cude, B. J. (2016). Financial literacy and long- and short-term financial behavior in different age groups. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 27(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.27.1.3

Herdjiono, I., Siswantoyo, S., Sukiyono, K., Hutama, P. S., Hakim, A. R., Nggaruaka, T., Awotkay, A. S., & Lola, M. A. (2023). Effect of financial behavior, childhood consumer experience, and financial wellness on financial well-being. Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2023.0010

Hussain, B., Ullah, K., & Haider, S. (2021). Determinants of financial behavior and financial wellbeing in District Kohat. Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(18), 1667–1690.

Iramani, R., & Lutfi, L. (2021). An integrated model of financial well-being: The role of financial behavior. Accounting, 7(3), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.12.007

Ismail, N., & Zaki, N. D. A. (2019). Does financial literacy and financial stress effect the financial wellness? International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijmtss.28001

Joo, So-hyun, & Grable, J. E. (2004). An exploratory framework of the determinants of financial satisfaction. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(1), 25–50. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JEEI.0000016722.37994.9f

Joo, Sohyun. (2008). Personal financial wellness. In Handbook of Consumer Finance Research (pp. 21–33). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75734-6_2

Kabadayi, S., & O’Connor, G. E. (2019). Exploring the antecedents of financial well-being: Where we are and where we go from here. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(4), 930–933. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2019-338

Lefkowitz, E. S. (2005). “Things have gotten better”: Developmental changes among emerging adults after the transition to university. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20(1), 40–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558404271236

Lusardi, A., & Messy, F.-A. (2023). The importance of financial literacy and its impact on financial wellbeing. Journal of Financial Literacy and Wellbeing, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/flw.2023.8

Mawadah, B., & Sumiati, S. (2024). The importance of financial health as a mediator of financial stress on financial well-being in young adults. International Journal of Research in Business & Social Science, 13(5), 494–502. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i5.3588

Muat, S., & Henry, K. (2023). Lecturers’ financial wellness: The role of religiosity, financial literacy, behavior, and stress with gender as the moderating variable. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 24(2), 427–449. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v24i2.17428

Muir, K., Hamilton, M., Noone, J. H., Marjolin, A., Salignac, F., Saunders, P., & Australia, F. . (2017). Exploring financial wellbeing in the Australian context: Report for financial literacy Australia. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/26355

Murphy, M. (2011). Emerging adulthood in Ireland: Is the quarter-life crisis a common experience? Thesis of Family and Community Studies, September, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.21427/D7Q77S

Netemeyer, R. G., Warmath, D., Fernandes, D., & Lynch, J. G. (2018). How am i doing? Perceived financial well-being, its potential antecedents, and its relation to overall well-being. Journal of Consumer Research, 45(1), 68–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx109

OECD. (2022). OECD/INFE toolkit for measuring financial literacy and financial inclusion 2022.

Parker, S., Castillo, N., Garon, T., & Levy, R. (2016). Eight ways to measure financial health. In Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) (Issue May).

Prameswari, S., Nugroho, M., & Pristiana, U. (2023). The influence of financial literacy, financial awareness, and income on financial well-being with financial behavior and financial inclusion as intervening variables (A case study on families in Surabaya). Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 06(01). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v6-i1-55

Prawitz, A. D., Garman, E. T., Sorhaindo, B., O’Neill, B., Kim, J., & Drentea, P. (2006). InCharge financial distress/financial well-being scale: Development, administration, and score interpretation. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 17(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/t60365-000

Rahman, M., Isa, C. R., Masud, M. M., Sarker, M., & Chowdhury, N. T. (2021). The role of financial behaviour, financial literacy, and financial stress in explaining the financial well-being of B40 group in Malaysia. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00099-0

Rehr, T. I., Regan, E. P., Abukar, Z., & Meshelemiah, J. C. A. (2022). Financial wellness of first-generation college students. College Student Affairs Journal, 40(1), 90–105. https://doi.org/10.1353/csj.2022.0007

Riitsalu, L., & Murakas, R. (2019). Subjective financial knowledge, prudent behaviour and income: The predictors of financial well-being in Estonia. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(4), 934–950. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-03-2018-0071

Riitsalu, L., Sulg, R., Lindal, H., Remmik, M., & Vain, K. (2023). From security to freedom— the meaning of financial well-being changes with age. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 45(1), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-023-09886-z

Robinson, O. C. (2016). Emerging adulthood, early adulthood, and quarter life crisis: Updating erikson for the twenty-first century. In Emerging Adulthood in a European Context (first edit, pp. 17–30).

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

Salignac, F., Hamilton, M., Noone, J., Marjolin, A., & Muir, K. (2020). Conceptualizing financial wellbeing: An ecological life-course approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(5), 1581–1602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00145-3

Setiyani, R., & Solichatun, I. (2019). Financial well-being of college students: An empirical study on mediation effect of financial behavior. KnE Social Sciences, 3(11), 451. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i11.4026

Sherraden, M. (2013). Building blocks of financial capability. Financial Capability and Asset Development, 3–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755950.003.0012

Silva, A. J., & Dias, R. (2023). The role of financial status, attitudes, behaviours and knowledge for overall well-being in Portugal: The mediating role of financial well-being. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(7), 3668–3685. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-08-2022-3385

Steen, A., & MacKenzie, D. (2013). Financial stress, financial literacy, counselling and the risk of homelessness. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 7(3), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v7i3.3

Strömbäck, C., Skagerlund, K., Västfjäll, D., & Tinghög, G. (2020). Subjective self-control but not objective measures of executive functions predicts financial behavior and well-being. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100339

Suprapto, Y. (2020). Analysis of factors affecting financial well being millennial generation in Batam. Journal of Global Business and Management Review, 2(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.37253/jgbmr.v2i1.793

Utkarsh, Pandey, A., Ashta, A., Spiegelman, E., & Sutan, A. (2020). Catch them young: Impact of financial socialization, financial literacy and attitude towards money on financial well-being of young adults. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 44(6), 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12583

Van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. J. M. (2012). Financial literacy, retirement planning, and household wealth. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1920287

Vlaev, I., & Elliott, A. (2014). Financial well-being components. Social Indicators Research, 118(3), 1103–1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0462-0

Vörös, Z., Szabó, Z., Kehl, D., Kovács, O. B., Papp, T., & Schepp, Z. (2021). The forms of financial literacy overconfidence and their role in financial well-being. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(6), 1292–1308. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12734

Walshe, O. (2018). The quarter-life crisis: Investigating emotional intelligence, self-esteem and maximization as predictors of coping self-efficacy. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(2), 2499–2508.

Weida, E. B., Phojanakong, P., Patel, F., & Chilton, M. (2020). Financial health as a measurable social determinant of health. PLoS ONE, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233359

Yeler, Z., Berber, K., Özdoğan, H. K., & Çok, F. (2021). Quarter life crisis among emerging adults in turkey and its relationship with intolerance of uncertainty türkiye’deki beliren yetişkinlerde çeyrek yaşam krizi ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ile ilişkisi. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 11(61), 245–262.

Zemtsov, A. A., & Osipova, T. Y. (2016). Financial wellbeing as a type of human wellbeing: Theoretical review. 385–392. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.02.49

Zharifa, F. S., Magistravia, E. G. R., Febrianti, R. A., Jati, R. P. K. A., & Maharani, S. . (2023). Dynamics of quarter life crisis in the perspective of Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia, 6(3), 328–336.

Downloads

Published

2025-10-21

How to Cite

Mawadah, B., & Sumiati, S. (2025). Determinants of financial well-being in young adults’ quarter-life crisis. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 28(2), 423–446. https://doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v28i2.12647

Issue

Section

Articles