FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY AND DISCLOSURE IN MSMES AND LOCAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS: STANDARDS, GOVERNANCE, AND DIGITAL ENABLEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24246/dekat.v5i1.19764Keywords:
disclosure, MSMEs, cooperatives, village-owned enterprises, accounting standards, digital accounting, decision usefulness, governance, UMKM, koperasi, BUMDes, standar akuntansi, tata kelola, akuntansi digitalAbstract
Studi ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur sistematis yang mengkaji kualitas pelaporan keuangan dan pengungkapan informasi pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) serta lembaga ekonomi lokal, dengan fokus khusus pada koperasi dan badan usaha milik desa (BUMDes). Berpedoman pada kerangka PRISMA, tinjauan ini mensintesis bukti dari empat tema yang saling terkait: kesesuaian dan kepatuhan standar akuntansi, mekanisme tata kelola dan assurance, dukungan digital (digital enablement), serta praktik pengungkapan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelaporan keuangan dibentuk oleh interaksi antara standar akuntansi, kapasitas tata kelola, dan kapabilitas digital, bukan semata-mata oleh kepatuhan terhadap standar. Struktur tata kelola yang efektif dan pengendalian internal secara konsisten meningkatkan ketepatan waktu, keandalan, dan transparansi pelaporan, sementara sistem akuntansi digital meningkatkan efisiensi proses ketika didukung oleh kompetensi yang memadai. Tinjauan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan informasi keuangan dan non-keuangan yang kredibel dan proporsional meningkatkan kegunaan informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan, kepercayaan pemangku kepentingan, dan alokasi sumber daya, khususnya pada organisasi hibrida yang memiliki tujuan sosial–ekonomi. Namun, keterbatasan sumber daya, heterogenitas regulasi, dan terbatasnya mekanisme assurance masih menjadi hambatan bagi kualitas pelaporan pada banyak UMKM. Studi ini berkontribusi dengan menawarkan kerangka integratif yang menghubungkan standar, tata kelola, teknologi, dan pengungkapan, serta mengidentifikasi arah riset masa depan untuk memperkuat pelaporan keuangan yang berguna bagi pengambilan keputusan pada UMKM dan lembaga ekonomi lokal.
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